How to use the comprehensive analysis system for online monitoring of switchgear, tutorial, complete guide

Filo optic e ʻea sensor resistance, Founga vakaiʻi ʻo e ʻatamai poto, Tufaki e filo optic ʻi Siaina

Guide to using the comprehensive analysis system for online monitoring of switchgear
The comprehensive analysis system for online monitoring of switchgear is a complex and important power equipment monitoring system that integrates multiple technologies for comprehensive monitoring and analysis of the operating status of switchgear. The following is a detailed explanation of its usage tutorial.

1、 System Overview and Basic Principles
The comprehensive analysis system for online monitoring of switchgear is based on integrated technologies such as power Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing. The purpose is to address the monitoring blind spots in the operation and maintenance of high-voltage equipment in switchgear stations, and to use artificial intelligence cognitive technology to achieve comprehensive monitoring, measurement, control, analysis, diagnosis, and other functions of the equipment in an online, all-round, and full life cycle manner. For example, various data of the switchgear, including but not limited to temperature, ʻea hauhau, mechanical characteristics, electrical parameters, mo e ala meʻa pehē., are collected through sensors, and then these technologies are used for data processing and analysis to obtain the evaluation results of the equipment’s operating status.

2、 Hardware composition and connection
（1） Intelligent sensors
Intelligent sensors are an important component of the system, responsible for sensing information such as the mechanical characteristics of circuit breakers, insulation status of switchgear, electrical contact temperature, and environment. Different types of sensors are distributed in various key parts of the switchgear. For example, temperature sensors may be installed near electrical contacts to monitor contact temperature in real time and prevent overheating from causing faults; The insulation condition sensor is used to monitor the insulation performance inside the switchgear and promptly detect issues such as insulation aging or damage.

（2） Monitoring and early warning unit
This unit receives data collected by intelligent sensors and performs preliminary processing. It can determine whether the data exceeds the normal range, and if any abnormalities are found, it will trigger the warning mechanism. This unit is connected to the smart sensor through a specific communication line to ensure stable data transmission.

（3） Comprehensive analysis server (fili pē)
In some systems, a comprehensive analysis server can also be optionally selected. It has more powerful functions and can perform in-depth analysis on large amounts of data. The server is connected to the monitoring and early warning unit, receiving data from various monitoring points, and then processing the data using complex algorithms and models, such as equipment status monitoring and evaluation diagnostic methods and models based on multidimensional data, providing users with truly intelligent self detection from the environment to the system to the equipment for operation and inspection.

3、 Software interface and functional modules
（1） Login and Initial Settings
Firstly, users need to log in to the system software interface. During initial use, some initial settings may need to be made, such as setting user permissions, system parameters, mo e alā meʻa pe. Different users may have different levels of permissions, for example, administrator users can perform comprehensive system settings and management, while ordinary users may only be able to view monitoring data and perform other operations.

（2） Main interface function distribution
Real time monitoring data display
On the main interface, real-time monitoring results of the distribution equipment status will be displayed intuitively, including monitoring data of circuit breaker mechanical characteristics, environmental data such as temperature and humidity inside the high-voltage cabinet, and information on the operation status of switchgear equipment. These data are presented in the form of charts, numbers, mo e ala meʻa pehē., making it convenient for users to quickly understand the current operating status of the device. For example, displaying the temperature trend during a certain period of time in a line chart, or directly displaying the current electrical contact temperature value in numerical form.
Fault warning and alarm prompt
When the system detects an abnormal situation, it will give a clear warning or alarm prompt on the interface. A warning may indicate that the device is in a critical state close to failure, while an alarm indicates that a more serious fault situation has occurred. These prompts will clearly indicate the type and location of the fault, such as the opening and closing fault of the circuit breaker or the insulation fault of the switchgear, and may be accompanied by sound, flashing, and other reminder methods to ensure that users can detect the problem in a timely manner.
Historical data query and analysis
Users can query the historical monitoring data of the device through the software interface. This is very useful for analyzing the operating trends of equipment and identifying potential issues. For example, temperature fluctuations over the past month can be examined to determine if there are periodic anomalies; Or view the mechanical characteristic history data of the circuit breaker and analyze whether its performance is gradually declining.
Operation control function
Some systems have one click programmable operation control function for high-voltage cabinets. Through the software interface, users can remotely operate the high-voltage cabinet, such as opening and closing switches. But this type of operation usually requires strict permission verification and security measures to ensure the security and accuracy of the operation.
4、 Example of Operation Process
Daily monitoring operations
After logging into the system every day, first check the real-time monitoring data display area to ensure that all data is within the normal range. Pay special attention to key parameters, such as whether the electrical contact temperature is close to the warning value, and whether there are abnormal fluctuations in the mechanical characteristics of the circuit breaker. If abnormal data is found, promptly check the fault warning or alarm prompt area to understand the specific type and location of the fault. Then decide whether further in-depth analysis of historical data is needed based on the situation to determine the root cause of the problem.
Fault handling operation
When the system sends out an alarm signal, conduct a preliminary inspection of the on-site equipment according to the fault type and location prompted by the system. For example, if it is an insulation fault alarm, check whether there are obvious signs of damage to the insulation components inside the switchgear. ʻI he taimi tatau, view detailed data related to the fault on the software interface, such as real-time monitoring values of insulation resistance, historical trends, mo e alā meʻa pe. If operation control is required to solve the fault, such as emergency opening and closing operations, it must be strictly followed according to the operation process and operated after permission verification. After the operation is completed, continue to monitor the operating status of the equipment to ensure that the fault is completely resolved.

Introduction to the usage of the comprehensive analysis system for online monitoring of switchgear
1、 Data collection and monitoring aspects
（1） Data collection source
The data collection source of the switchgear online monitoring and comprehensive analysis system is extensive. Firstly, the collection of electrical parameters, including basic parameters such as voltage and current. These parameters are collected through voltage transformers and current transformers, which can reflect the basic operating status of the switchgear. For example, the load situation in the circuit and whether there is overload risk can be determined by the magnitude and variation of the current. Secondly, the collection of temperature data is crucial for the safe operation of switchgear. Temperature sensors are installed at critical locations of the switchgear, such as bus connections and near circuit breaker contacts. Because these parts are prone to generating heat when current passes through, if the temperature is too high, it may cause equipment damage or even fire. For example, when the busbar connection is not tight, the contact resistance will increase, resulting in excessive heat generation. The temperature sensor can timely capture this temperature change and transmit the data to the monitoring system 23. ʻIkai ngata ai, mechanical characteristic data is also an important part of collection. For circuit breakers, their mechanical characteristics such as opening and closing time, speed, mo e alā meʻa pe. can affect their breaking and closing capabilities. By collecting these mechanical characteristic data through specialized sensors, problems such as wear and deformation of circuit breaker mechanical components can be detected in a timely manner, allowing for early maintenance or replacement and avoiding the occurrence of faults.

（2） Real time monitoring function
Continuous monitoring
The system will continuously monitor the collected data and obtain data information from various parts of the switchgear 24 hours a day without interruption. This continuous monitoring can detect small changes in the operating status of equipment in a timely manner, such as slow increases in ambient temperature or subtle fluctuations in electrical parameters. Through continuous monitoring, time series data of equipment operating status can be established, providing a rich data foundation for subsequent analysis and diagnosis.
Multi parameter comprehensive monitoring
The system does not monitor a single parameter, but rather comprehensively monitors multiple parameters. For example, when judging the insulation status of a switchgear, not only will the insulation resistance, which directly reflects the insulation performance, be monitored, but also comprehensive analysis will be conducted in combination with factors such as environmental humidity and temperature. Because humidity and temperature can affect insulation performance, the insulation resistance of insulation materials may decrease in high humidity environments. By comprehensively monitoring these parameters, the insulation status of switchgear can be more accurately determined.
2、 Data processing and analysis methods
（1） Data preprocessing
Data cleaning
After receiving the collected data, the system will first perform data cleaning. Due to the possibility of external interference, the collected data may contain noise, outliers, and other issues. Data cleaning is to remove these interfering factors and ensure the accuracy of the data. For example, for temperature data that deviates significantly from the normal range (possibly due to sensor failure or momentary interference), the system will identify and eliminate it, and then supplement reasonable data through interpolation or other data repair methods.
Data standardization
In order to facilitate comparison and analysis between different parameters, it is necessary to standardize the data. Different parameters may have different dimensions and ranges of values, and through data standardization, they can be transformed into data with the same dimensions and comparable ranges. For example, converting different types of data such as voltage, current, mafana ʻo e ʻea, mo e alā meʻa pe. into relative values for comprehensive analysis within the same framework.
（2） Data analysis technology
trend analysis
The system will perform trend analysis on the data and determine the operating status of the equipment by observing the trend of data changes over a period of time. For example, by analyzing the upward trend of electrical contact temperature, if it is found that the temperature continues to rise and the rate of rise accelerates, it may indicate that there are problems such as poor contact at the contact, and timely inspection and maintenance are needed. Trend analysis can use simple linear regression methods or more complex time series analysis methods, such as ARIMA models.
Threshold analysis
Setting a reasonable threshold is an important means of determining whether a device is operating normally. For each monitoring parameter, the system will set a threshold range for normal operation based on the design requirements and operating experience of the equipment. When the collected data exceeds this threshold range, the system will issue a warning or alarm signal. For example, a normal time range is specified for the opening and closing time of a circuit breaker. If the actual measured opening and closing time exceeds this range, it may indicate that there is a problem with the mechanical components of the circuit breaker and maintenance is needed.
association analysis
The various components inside the switchgear are interrelated, and the operating status of one component may affect other components. Association analysis aims to identify the interrelationships between these components. For example, when the insulation performance of the switchgear decreases, it may lead to changes in electrical parameters, such as an increase in leakage current. By conducting correlation analysis, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the operational status of the equipment and improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis.
3、 User interaction and operation aspects
（1） User login and permission management
Login method
Users usually log in to the switchgear online monitoring and comprehensive analysis system through their username and password. In some systems with high security requirements, biometric technologies such as fingerprint recognition and facial recognition may also be used as auxiliary login methods. The login interface will have clear prompts to guide users to enter the correct information.
Permission management
The system has strict permission management functions. Users of different levels have different operational permissions. For example, administrator users can perform comprehensive system settings, including adding or deleting users, modifying system parameters, viewing all monitoring data and historical records, mo e alā meʻa pe; Ordinary users may only be able to view some monitoring data related to their work, such as on-site maintenance personnel who may only be able to view real-time temperature and mechanical characteristic data of specific switchgear, and cannot perform advanced operations such as system settings.
（2） Operation interface function navigation
Menu based navigation
The operating interface generally adopts a menu style navigation structure, which facilitates users to find the desired functions. For example, the main menu may include options such as “Real time Monitoring”, “Historical Data Query”, “Fault Alarm”, “System Settings”, mo e alā meʻa pe. Users can enter the corresponding function page by clicking on the corresponding menu option.
Quick operation button
In addition to menu based navigation, there may also be some shortcut operation buttons set on the interface. For example, there may be a “refresh data” button on the real-time monitoring page to facilitate users in obtaining the latest monitoring data in a timely manner; On the fault alarm page, there may be a “confirm alarm” button. When the user processes the alarm information, they can click this button to mark that the alarm has been processed.

How to operate the online monitoring and comprehensive analysis system for switchgear correctly
1、 Preparation before operation
（1） Familiar with the basic situation of the system
Understand the system architecture
Before operating the switchgear online monitoring and comprehensive analysis system, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the system architecture. This includes the hardware and software components of the system, such as sensors, monitoring units, analysis servers, and monitoring software running on the servers. Understand the distribution and functions of hardware devices, such as which key parts of the switchgear sensors are installed, and which parameters they are responsible for monitoring. ʻI he taimi tatau, it is also important to understand how the software’s functional modules, such as real-time monitoring, data analysis, and fault alarms, are implemented in the software.
Master the principles of data collection
To master the data collection principles of the system. Know how various data are collected, such as electrical parameters collected through transformers, temperature data collected through temperature sensors, mo e alā meʻa pe. Understanding the working principles of different sensors is helpful to judge the accuracy of data during operation. For example, what principle is the temperature sensor based on to measure temperature? If it is a thermocouple sensor, it measures temperature by converting temperature into a potential difference based on the thermoelectric effect; If it is a thermistor sensor, it measures temperature based on the characteristic of the resistance of metals or semiconductors changing with temperature.
（2） Check system connection and status
Hardware connection check
Check if the hardware connections of the system are functioning properly. Is the connection line between the sensor, monitoring unit, and server (if any) intact, free from looseness, damage, and other issues. For example, check if the signal line of the sensor is securely connected and if the communication line is unobstructed. For systems that use wireless communication, it is necessary to check whether the wireless signal strength is sufficient and whether there are interference sources that affect communication quality.
System initialization status check
Check if the initialization status of the system is normal. Is there any abnormal prompt message during system startup, such as some devices not being recognized, software initialization failure, mo e alā meʻa pe. Ensure that all devices in the system are in normal working condition and that the software has correctly loaded the relevant configuration parameters.
2、 Normal operating procedures
（1） Log in to the system
Enter login information
According to the login interface prompt of the system, accurately enter the username and password (if there are other login methods, such as biometric recognition, follow the corresponding operation process). When entering usernames and passwords, pay attention to sensitivity to capitalization and ensure the accuracy of the input information.
Verified login successful
After entering the correct login information, the system will perform verification. If the login is successful, it will enter the main operating interface of the system. At this point, it is necessary to check whether the system information displayed on the interface is correct, such as whether the name and permission level of the currently logged in user match the actual situation.
（2） Real time monitoring operation
View real-time data
In the main operating interface, find the real-time monitoring function module. Here, various real-time monitoring data of the switchgear will be displayed, such as electrical parameters, mafana ʻo e ʻea, ʻea hauhau, mechanical characteristics, and other data. Carefully examine these data to determine if they are within the normal range of values. It can be judged by comparing with the normal threshold pre-set by the system or based on past operating experience. For example, check if the temperature of the electrical contacts is below the alarm threshold. If it approaches or exceeds the threshold, further attention is needed.
Data refresh and update
If you need to obtain the latest monitoring data, you can use the “Refresh Data” button provided on the interface (if available) to refresh the data. Especially after operating the equipment (such as opening and closing) or when there is a change in environmental conditions (such as a sudden increase in ambient temperature), refreshing data in a timely manner can ensure obtaining the most accurate operating status information.
（3） Historical data query operation
Select query criteria
Find the historical data query function entrance in the system interface. Select appropriate query criteria based on the content to be queried, such as the time range of the query (which can be a certain day, week, month, mo e ala meʻa pehē.), the type of data to be queried (whether it is temperature data, electrical parameter data, or other data), mo e alā meʻa pe.
View and analyze historical data
After entering the query criteria, the system will display historical data that meets the criteria. These data may be presented in the form of tables, charts, mo e alā meʻa pe. Carefully review these historical data, analyze the trends and fluctuations of the data. For example, checking the temperature change curve of a certain electrical contact over the past month to determine if there is a periodic temperature rise phenomenon may indicate potential poor contact issues with the contact.
3、 Fault handling operation
（1） Fault alarm response
Identify alarm information
When the system sends out a fault alarm signal, the first step is to identify the content of the alarm information. Alarm information usually clearly indicates the type of fault (such as insulation fault, circuit breaker mechanical fault, mo e ala meʻa pehē.), the location of the fault (such as a certain switchgear, an electrical contact, mo e ala meʻa pehē.), and the severity of the fault (whether it is a warning or an alarm).
Record alarm information
Record the alarm information in a timely manner, including the time and content of the alarm. This helps to trace the subsequent fault analysis and handling process. Alarm information can be recorded on paper maintenance logs or electronically using the alarm recording function provided by the system (if available).
（2） Troubleshooting and Handling
Preliminary inspection of on-site equipment
Based on the alarm information, conduct a preliminary inspection of the switchgear equipment on site. For example, if it is an insulation fault alarm, check whether there are obvious signs of damage to the insulation components inside the switchgear, such as whether the insulation material is burnt or broken; If it is a mechanical fault alarm of the circuit breaker, check whether the mechanical transmission components of the circuit breaker are loose or stuck.
In depth analysis of system data
While conducting preliminary inspections of on-site equipment, conduct in-depth analysis of relevant data in the system. View historical data, real-time data, and trends in data related to faults. For example, if it is an electrical fault, checking the changes in voltage and current data before and after the fault occurs, analyzing whether there are abnormal fluctuations or sudden changes, can help determine the root cause of the fault.
Take handling measures
Take corresponding measures based on the results of troubleshooting. If it is a simple problem, such as loose electrical contacts, it can be tightened on site; If it is a more complex issue, such as damaged insulation components, it may be necessary to replace the insulation components. After handling the fault, it is necessary to review the monitoring data of the system again to ensure that the fault has been completely resolved and the equipment has returned to normal operation.