How to use fiber optic temperature measurement system for oil storage tanks in oil tank areas of the petroleum and petrochemical industry-INNO

Most fire accidents are caused by high temperatures. In the petroleum and petrochemical industry, oil tank areas are a major industrial hazard. High temperatures in large oil storage tanks can lead to oil volatilization, fires, and even explosions, causing significant casualties and property damage. Adesso, the alarm data of commonly used oil tank fire automatic alarm systems comes from the fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement system TBG. This type of sensor can only perform scattered measurement. Allo stesso tempo, during installation, it is necessary to drill holes and weld on the oil tank wall panel or directly input it into the tank to measure the temperature of liquids and gases, which is inconvenient for both early construction and later maintenance. On this basis, Le Fibra ottica distribuita temperature measurement system DTS can be applied to monitor the temperature during a smoldering fire (generating a small amount of smoke and heat), issue warnings, and give on-site operators sufficient time to take corresponding measures to avoid accidents or fires. Allo stesso tempo, it can effectively improve the automation level of enterprise safety management.

Principle of Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Measurement System

The main working basis of the sistema di misurazione della temperatura distribuito in fibra ottica is the principle of optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) and the temperature effect of backward Raman scattering in optical fibers.

The OTDR principle is mainly used for fiber optic positioning, which can achieve spatial distributed positioning of the temperature field inside the oil tank, determine the loss of various parts of the fiber optic (including damaged points), and locate temperature measurement points.

Backward Raman scattering effect refers to the phenomenon where when a laser source in the main processing unit injects a pulse signal with a wavelength of 905nm into a fiber, although the propagation speed of light is fast, it still has a certain degree of attenuation. Some scattered light will propagate in the opposite direction of the incident light, and the Raman signal contained in the scattered light carries temperature field information. This signal is processed through a digital signal processing system (DSP) to provide information about the temperature field distribution of the storage tank and output a temperature distribution map on the entire fiber.

Design of Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Measurement System

The distributed fiber optic temperature measurement system must ensure the following three points: it can provide early detection of oil tank fire hazards; Can clearly indicate fire hazard locations; Send fire information to the fire alarm control system, activate the emergency control system, such as closing the emergency shut-off valve, cutting off oil pipes, and other emergency operations.

The layout of the equipment must be combined with the structural characteristics of the oil tank, taking into account comprehensive coverage and convenient installation. The entire control system is divided into automatic control and manual control according to the requirements of the fire alarm control system, and manual control is given priority. Automatic control: Once the temperature value of the measured oil tank exceeds the standard set alarm temperature, the distributed fiber optic temperature monitoring system sends real-time fire alarm data to the fire alarm host. The alarm host receives a relay action monitoring signal and confirms it as a fire alarm through logical judgment system. Manual control: once a person finds a fire and the alarm system has not been started, he can press the emergency manual alarm button. The fire alarm host receives the button alarm signal, the system confirms that it is a fire, and immediately enters the fire treatment program. The alarm host will then send an audible and visual fire alarm to the relevant areas and display it. Allo stesso tempo, it will link the corresponding fire hydrant system, automatic foam spray system, and so on., and upload the alarm signal to the oil depot management office, so as to organize personnel evacuation and rescue work in a timely manner.

The entire monitoring system consists of a DTS control unit, temperature sensing optical cables, and fiber optic connectors, which can be linked with other systems to form a fire alarm control system,

DTS control unit

The DTS control unit is debugged and programmed by authorized personnel in the human-machine interface environment through an engineer station. The area length and alarm points can be set according to needs, and the temperature trajectory of the optical cable can be displayed in real time on the PC. The alarm signal can be highlighted, including the determination of the actual location of the damaged point of the optical cable. The area setting and alarm point position can also be changed as needed. Allo stesso tempo, the entire temperature measurement system can be interconnected with other control systems through relay outputs and perform logical judgments. In fire protection applications, it can be connected to the fire alarm control host to provide signals for sound and light alarms, with accurate and complete signal output; The DTS control unit can directly output signals to various digital display devices, such as central control room projectors, displays, and so on., and can set information sharing permissions based on the sharing level.

Temperature sensing detection optical cable

The temperature sensing fiber optic cable is the front-end device of the entire system, directly related to the judgment results of the DTS control unit. It can be installed on the outer wall of the oil tank. The alarm detection logic judgment for each zone can use any combination of three methods: maximum temperature in the zone (temperatura costante), temperature rise rate in the zone (Temperatura differenziale), and the difference between the maximum temperature in the zone and the average temperature in the zone (uniformity of zone temperature) to ensure early and reliable alarm and prevent smoldering. Allo stesso tempo, considering that the layout of oil tank areas is often in harsh environments, temperature sensing detection optical cables should have good characteristics such as anti biting, earthquake resistance, resistenza alla corrosione, and so on. The optical cables should have a sturdy sheath (PVC flame-retardant material), which can provide good protective characteristics. Allo stesso tempo, they should also provide good temperature conductivity to ensure that fires can be detected quickly. The longest detection distance for a single channel is 30KM, and the number of channels can be expanded to 16. The positioning accuracy can reach ± 0.5m. The fastest response time for a single channel is 3.5s, and the startup preheating time is instant use.

The attenuation of the entire system optical cable shall not exceed the standards of the DTS control unit. The maximum attenuation rate on the 2km optical fiber shall not exceed 10dB, each junction box shall not exceed 0.4dB, and each fusion joint shall not exceed 0.2dB.

Fiber optic connecting devices

The fiber optic connecting device serves as the hub for connecting the temperature sensing detection optical cable to the DTS control unit. The tail fiber and the detection optical cable are connected through fiber optic fusion points, which are located in the fiber optic connection box next to the DTS control unit.

Distributed fiber optic fire detection system

According to the design requirements, there are a total of 4 external floating roof crude oil tanks and 5 internal floating roof finished oil tanks in the oil tank area, which are equipped with fiber optic fire detection systems. Install a fiber optic temperature fire detector at the sealing ring of the floating plate of the floating roof tank, and add twice the vertical laying length. The required detection optical cable for winding a oil tank is about 196m. Based on the above data calculation, taking 1.15 times the effective redundancy, the required optical cable for the storage tank is 2028m.

In base alle caratteristiche di distribuzione dei serbatoi dell'olio e ai requisiti specifici per il monitoraggio della temperatura, this project adopts a “un serbatoio, una macchina” mode for design. Allo stesso tempo, per aumentare la stabilità del sistema, Viene adottato lo standby a caldo a doppia macchina, che può commutare automaticamente in caso di guasto del sistema. Un totale di 9 fiber optic distributed temperature monitoring systems are used to monitor the required oil tanks in real-time online.

1) Ogni serbatoio è monitorato da una fibra ottica di rilevamento indipendente, che viene installato sulla piastra galleggiante del serbatoio e sul bordo esterno dell'anello di tenuta secondario.

2) La fibra ottica antistatica è condotta dal sensore di temperatura in fibra ottica installed on the floating plate inside the tank is protected by laying an explosion-proof metal hose with a diameter of DN25 inside the tank. The upper end of the explosion-proof metal hose is fixed on the flange of the manhole on the top of the tank, e l'estremità inferiore del tubo metallico è fissata sulla piastra galleggiante all'interno del serbatoio. Il metodo di fissaggio non è a caldo, e il tubo metallico antideflagrante è collegato in modo equipotenziale al corpo del serbatoio.

3) Considerando le variazioni di dislocamento nella parte superiore del serbatoio a tetto galleggiante, al fine di evitare il malfunzionamento della fibra ottica antistatica che passa attraverso i tubi metallici antideflagranti a causa del trascinamento, La lunghezza riservata non deve essere inferiore a 0.5 moltiplicato per l'altezza della parete esterna del serbatoio, e un dispositivo in fibra ottica a disco dovrebbe essere utilizzato per controllare la fibra ottica antistatica in una determinata area di posizione.

4) The anti-static optical fiber led out by the fiber optic temperature sensor installed on the floating plate inside the tank is threaded through an explosion-proof galvanized pipe with a diameter of DN25 on the outer section of the tank and led along the escalator or tank wall to the existing ground trunking. It is connected and protected with the communication optical cable installed inside the trunking through a waterproof optical cable splice box, and the elbow part is connected with an explosion-proof metal hose.

5) Tutti i sensori di temperatura in fibra ottica installati sul tetto galleggiante di ciascun serbatoio dell'olio nell'area del serbatoio sono condotti attraverso fibre ottiche antistatiche e convergenti a cavi ottici di comunicazione per la raccolta e la trasmissione del segnale alla sala di monitoraggio. Il cavo ottico di comunicazione è posato direttamente interrato, e il gomito è collegato con un tubo metallico antideflagrante.

6) Dopo la comunicazione, il cavo ottico viene trasmesso dall'area del serbatoio alla sala di monitoraggio, è collegato all'interfaccia del canale di rilevamento corrispondente all'host DTS tramite una coda in fibra ottica a breve distanza con un connettore in fibra ottica standard, che è un ponticello in fibra ottica.

7) Nine 2-channel DTS distributed fiber optic temperature measurement hosts were placed in the monitoring room to achieve temperature signal acquisition, Avviso di aumento della temperatura, allarme di sovratemperatura, Rilevamento dei guasti, e le operazioni di gestione delle informazioni per i sensori di temperatura in fibra ottica installati sul sito del serbatoio dell'olio. They can be connected to the fire alarm control system through the switch alarm interface to achieve fire alarm and display it in the fire duty room. Il valore attuale della temperatura, Stato dell'allarme, e la curva di temperatura storica di tutti i punti di rilevamento della temperatura del serbatoio di stoccaggio possono essere visualizzate visivamente nella sala operativa dello strumento attraverso la mappa elettronica del software di configurazione. An external sound and light alarm can also provide alarm signals in the instrument operation room.

The distributed fiber optic temperature measurement system can detect the temperature value at every point along the fiber optic cable in real-time online, and can determine the trend of fire spread; Multiple alarm methods such as temperature difference and temperature rise rate can be set, and multi-level warnings can be set up to achieve early warning before a fire occurs; Alarm zones can be set arbitrarily according to changes in on-site conditions, and each zone can set different alarm values; It can withstand harsh environments, resist electromagnetic interference, and does not generate electromagnetic radiation. The effective lifespan of the detection optical cable is 30 anni, overcoming the high false alarm rate and maintenance difficulties of the point type fiber optic grating temperature measurement system. It has reference significance for the fire safety of future oil tank areas.