Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo ze-fiber optic sensors

Inzwa yobushushu bokukhanya kweFayibha, Inkqubo yokubeka iliso ekrelekrele, Kusasazwe umenzi ifayibha optic e China

Kwizicelo zobunjineli kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi, ubushushu bubuninzi bereferensi ebaluleke kakhulu, ukubamba indawo ebalulekileyo. Izinzwa zeqondo lokushisa lemveli ziqulunqwe kakhulu ngama-thermocouples, iisemiconductors, kunye neplatinam alloys, ezinemigaqo yokulinganisa elula kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Ngoko ke, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezisebenzayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinzwa zobushushu bemveli, izinzwa zobushushu befiber optic zisebenzisa i-spectrum yokufunxa kwezinye izinto ukutshintsha nobushushu, kwaye emva koko uhlalutye i-spectrum ehanjiswa yifiber optic ukulinganisa utshintsho lobushushu ngexesha lokwenyani. Ukuchaneka komlinganiselo wayo kuphezulu kwaye ubuntununtunu buyahlengahlengiswa ngexesha langempela.

Izinzwa zeFiber optic zineempawu zobukhulu obuncinci, ubunzima obulula, uvakalelo oluphezulu, akukho ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, kunye nokumelana nomhlwa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinzwa, ukwenza uluhlu lwabo losetyenziso lube banzi, ebandakanya ukhuselo lwesizwe, uqoqosho lwesizwe, kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla babantu. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-fiber optic sensors, ikakhulu ibandakanya ifayibha optic zoluvo lobushushu begrating, i-fiber optic FabryPerot izivamvo zobushushu ze-interferometric, izivamvo zobushushu befiber optic fluorescence, I-Raman fibre optic izinzwa zobushushu, njl.

Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo ze-fiber optic sensors

I-Fiber optic sensors zizixhobo ezisekelwe kwiifiber zamehlo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubuninzi, ngokuqhelekileyo ubushushu okanye ubunzima bomatshini, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ikwabandakanya nokufuduswa, ukungcangcazela, uxinzelelo, ukukhawuleza, ukujikeleza (kulinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-gyroscopes ebonakalayo esekelwe kwimpembelelo ye-Sagnac), okanye ingxubevange yezinto zekhemikhali. Umgaqo oqhelekileyo wesi sixhobo kukukhanya okuvela kwi-laser (ngokuqhelekileyo i-laser fiber enye) okanye ukusuka kumthombo wokukhanya okuphezulu uthunyelwa ngefayibha, ifumana utshintsho olufihlakeleyo kwiiparameters zayo kwifiber okanye enye okanye ngaphezulu kwe-fiber Bragg gratings, uze ufike kwisixhobo sokwenza umlinganiselo wolu tshintsho.

Inzwa eyahlula phakathi kwezinto zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Uluvo lwendalo yifiber optic ngokwayo (enokuba yifomu elungisiweyo, njengokuqulatha iBragg grating) njengesixhobo soluvo. Abenzi boluvo bangaphandle basebenzisa kuphela iifiber ze-optical ukuhambisa ukukhanya ukuya okanye ukusuka kwi-sensor yangempela.

Uninzi lwezinzwa zefiber optic zisekelwe kwifiber enye, ngelixa ezinye izinzwa zefiber optic zenziwe kusetyenziswa iinyanda zefiber. Umzekelo, kukho abenzi boluvo bangaphandle apho ukukhanya kokukhanyisa kuthunyelwa kwisampulu ngokusebenzisa imicu ye-optical yomqadi., kunye nokukhanya okubonakalisiweyo okanye i-fluorescence esetyenzisiweyo ibuyiselwa umva ngezinye iifiber zamehlo.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zoluvo, izinzwa zefiber optic zineenzuzo ezininzi:

Ziqulunqwe ngezinto zokufakelwa kombane (ngaphandle kwemfuneko yeentambo), ezenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo zombane ophezulu, umzekelo.
Zingasetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo eziqhumayo kuba akukho mngcipheko weentlantsi zombane nokuba kukho iziphene..
Abachatshazelwa kukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI), kwaye nemibane ekufutshane ayisayi kubangela ukothuka kombane kwezinye izixhobo.
Iimathiriyeli zabo zinokuba yikhemikhali yokwenziwa, oku kuthetha ukuba abangcolisi okusingqongileyo okungqongileyo kwaye azikho phantsi komhlwa.
Banoluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lobushushu bokusebenza (banzi kakhulu kunezixhobo zombane ezininzi ezinokuba nazo).
Banomsebenzi wokuphindaphinda: abenzi boluvo abaninzi kumgca wefiber optic omnye unokubuzwa ngomthombo omnye wokukhanya.
ifiber bragg grating sensor

Izinzwa zeFayibha zamehlo zihlala zisekwe kwi-fiber Bragg gratings. Umgaqo osisiseko weenzwa ezininzi zefiber optic kukuba iBragg wavelength (o.k. obona bude bubonisayo) ye-fiber Bragg grating ayixhomekeke kuphela kwixesha le-Bragg grating, kodwa nakwiqondo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini.

Kwi-optical strain sensors esekelwe kwi-silica fibers, impendulo eqhekekileyo yeBragg wavelength ukuya kuxinzelelo malunga 20% incinci kunoxinzelelo ngokwalo, ngenxa yokuba umphumo othe ngqo woxinzelelo uyancitshiswa kwinqanaba elithile ngokunciphisa isalathisi se-refractive. Isiphumo sobushushu sisondele kwisiphumo esilindelekileyo sobushushu bokwandiswa kobushushu bomntu ngamnye. Imiphumo yoxinzelelo kunye nobushushu bunokwahlulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo (ezifana nokusebenzisa ireferensi gratings engachatshazelwanga luxinzelelo, okanye ukudibanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zefiber Bragg gratings) ukufumana zombini izixa ngaxeshanye.

Yintoni enokuba sisisombululo semvakalelo yoxinzelelo olusulungekileyo μ Uluhlu lwe-s (o.k., ukuhluka kobude obuhambelanayo ngamaxesha amaninzi 10-6), kwaye ukuchaneka kusenokungabi ngaphantsi kakhulu. Kwimilinganiselo eguqukayo (njengeziganeko ze-acoustic), kuyenzeka ukuphumeza ukusebenza ngcono kune-1n ngaphakathi kwe-1Hz bandwidth ε Uvakalelo lwe.

Kukwakho ne-Bragg grating laser sensor, osebenzisa i-laser fiber ebandakanya i-gratings ezimbini kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo we-doped fiber phakathi kwabo. Kungenjalo, kunokubakho i-FBG kunye ne-broadband reflector kwelinye icala. Xa ukukhanya kwempompo kunikezelwa, esi sixhobo sivelisa imveliso kunye ne-wavelength ekufutshane neBragg wavelength.

I-Quasi isasazeke imvakalelo

Ifiber optic enye inokuqulatha iisensi ezininzi eziqhagamshelweyo ze grating (bona ngasentla) ukujonga ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo losasazo kunye nefiber optic yonke. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-quasi distributed sensing. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusombulula iigratings zomntu ngamnye (kwakunye nezikhundla ezithile ecaleni kwefiber):

Kubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) okanye optical frequency domain reflectometer (OFDR), iigrayiti zinobude obuhlukeneyo beBragg. Iyunithi ye-interrogator kwi-wavelength tunable laser inokuhlengahlengiswa kwi-grating wavelength ethile, kunye nobukhulu be-wavelength reflectivity ibonisa impembelelo yoxinzelelo okanye ubushushu, umzekelo. Kungenjalo, imithombo yokukhanya kwebroadband (njengee-supermitters) ingasetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-wavelength scanning photodetectors (ezifana nefiber optic Fabry P é rot based) okanye iispectrometers ezisekelwe kwiCCD.. Nangeyiphi ndlela, inani eliphezulu le gratings lidla ngokuba phakathi 10 kwaye 50, Inqunyelwe luluhlu lokulungisa okanye i-bandwidth yomthombo wokukhanya kunye nesithuba sobude obufunekayo kwigrayiti nganye yomsinga.
Enye indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) isebenzisa igrayiti ebonakalisa ubuthathaka efanayo ukugocagoca ngemibhobho yokukhanya emfutshane. Emva koko, Iingcinga ezivela kwiigrayiti ezahlukeneyo zohlulwa ngamaxesha azo okufika. Ulwahlulo lwexesha lokuphindaphinda luhlala ludityaniswa kunye ne-wavelength division multiplexing ukuphinda-phinda inani letshaneli ezahlukeneyo ngamakhulu okanye namawaka..
Ukutshintsha kwamehlo kuvumela abantu ukuba bakhethe phakathi kweesekethe ezahlukeneyo zefiber optic, ukwandisa ngakumbi inani labenzi boluvo abanokubakho.
Uvakalelo olusasaziweyo

Ezinye izinzwa zefiber optic azisebenzisi i-fiber Bragg gratings njengezoluvo, kodwa endaweni yoko sebenzisa ifayibha ngokwayo. Emva koko, umgaqo wokuva unokusekwa kwiRayleigh yokusasaza, URaman uyachithachitha, okanye Brillouin usasaza. Umzekelo, i-optical time-domain reflectometer yindlela esebenzisa imiqondiso yokubona ukubetha kwentliziyo ukufumana imiboniso ebuthathaka.. Umzekelo, iqondo lobushushu okanye ukuxhomekeka koxinzelelo lwe-Brillouin shift frequency nako kungasetyenziswa.

Kwezinye iimeko, ubungakanani obulinganisiweyo ngumndilili wabo bonke ubude bosinga. Kukwasebenza okufanayo kwezinye iinzwa zobushushu, kodwa nakwiSagnac interferometers ezisetyenziswa njengegyroscopes. Kwezinye iimeko, umlinganiselo wobungakanani obunxulumene nobume (njengobushushu okanye ubunzima). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-distributed sensing.

Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, Nceda ubhekisele kumanqaku amalunga nabenzi boluvo bobushushu kunye nezixhobo zoluvo zoxinzelelo lwamehlo

Ezinye iindlela

Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zingasentla, zininzi ezinye iindlela zobugcisa. Eminye imizekelo yile:

I-Fiber Bragg gratings ingasetyenziselwa i-interferometric fiber optic sensors, apho zisetyenziswa kuphela njengezibonakalisi kwaye ukutshintshwa kwesigaba esilinganisiweyo kuveliswe yi-fiber span phakathi kwabo.
Kukho inzwa ye-laser ye-Bragg grating, apho i-sensor grating yenza isibuko sokugqibela se-fiber laser resonator, ebandakanya, umzekelo, ezinye iintsinga ze-erbium-doped ezifumana i-980nm impompo yokukhanya ngemigca yefiber. IBragg wavelength ixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobushushu okanye ubunzima, ukumisela ubude be-wavelength yokukhutshwa kwe-laser. Le ndlela ineenguqu ezininzi ngakumbi, ngenxa yobubanzi obuncinci bale laser fiber, inesisombululo esiphezulu kakhulu kunye novakalelo oluphezulu.
Kwezinye iimeko, ezidityanisiweyo Bragg gratings zisetyenziswa fibre optic Fabry Perot interferometers, enokuthi iphendule ngokukodwa kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle. I-Fabry Perot interferometers nayo inokuveliswa ngokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela, njengokuba nezithuba zomoya eziguquguqukayo kwimicu yamehlo.
Ixesha elide i-fiber Bragg gratings iluncedo kakhulu kwi-multiparameter sensing, ezifana nobushushu kunye noxinzelelo, kunye nokuziva ubunzima obuphantsi kakhulu kutshintsho lobushushu.
isicelo

Nasemva kweminyaka yophuhliso, i-fiber optic sensors azikaphumeleli impumelelo ebalulekileyo yorhwebo ngenxa yokuba kunye nemida ethile, kunzima ukuthatha indawo yetekhnoloji evuthiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezithile zesicelo, izinzwa zefiber optic ziya ziqondwa ngakumbi njengetekhnoloji enezinto ezinomdla kakhulu. Oku kulungele ngokukodwa iindawo ezingqongileyo, ezifana nokuziva kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noomatshini bamandla aphezulu okanye ii-oveni zemicrowave. Iinzwa ze-Bragg grating nazo zinokusetyenziswa ukujonga iimeko kumaphiko enqwelo-moya, iiinjini zomoya, iibhulorho, amadama amakhulu, imithombo yeoli, kunye nemibhobho. Izakhiwo ezine-fiber optic ezihlanganisiweyo ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba “izakhiwo smart”;